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Activitatea urbanistică în contextul asigurării dezvoltării localităţilor rurale din Republica Moldova [Articol]
(USARB, 2017) Severin, Serghei
Includerea satului moldovenesc în discursul ştiinţific este o sarcină, pe cît de importantă, pe atît şi de dificilă. Cunoaştem satul, încât acesta este în acelaşi timp spaţiul lirismului poetic, lume a basmelor, prezenţa perpetuă şi, nu în ultimul rînd, actualitatea realităţii contemporane. Astfel profilul satului moldovenesc, privită din perspectiva multidisciplinară a ştiinţei organizării aşezărilor umane, nu coincide cu imaginea idealizată pe care o avem despre sat. Şi chiar dacă acceptăm cu seninătate formula că „veşnicia s-a născut la sat” observăm că înaintăm cu paşi grăbiţi prin secolul XXI, iar aceasta implică rezolvarea unui număr mari de probleme cu care se confruntă satul moldovenesc, şi sincronizarea cu dinamica timpului contemporan.
Aportul unor substanţe fiziologic active la sporirea recoltei şi majorarea indicilor de calitate a seminţelor de sfeclă de zahăr [Articol]
(USARB, 2017) Hropotinschi, Petru
The paper is dedicated to the generalization of experimental date received in the experiments on studing the influence of some physiological active substances on the yields and the quality of sugar beet seeds. The obtained date are proving the beneficial influence of such substances as: Bor, Ferofit and Tircon by spraying the seed producing crop in the stage of the beginning of bloomering. The yield increase has consisted 0,18-0,33 t/ha, the mass of 1000 seeds on 0,77-1,19 gr., the energy of germination on 4-8%, the germination on 5-11%. The best results have been obtained by using the solution of Ferovit. The averadge yield fo 4 years has consisted 1,69 t/ha, what is higher on 0,33 t/ha than obtained on control plant.
Aprecierea resurselor naturale şi a factorilor de risc ecologic în aşezarea rurală calfa [Articol]
(USARB, 2017) Cojocaru, Olesea
The need to study ecological peculiarities and specific sources of pollution is determined by the assessment of natural resources, ecological risk factors and protective measures both on the territory of the Republic of Moldova and in the Anenii Noi district Calfa village. Taking into consideration the importance of this ecological area and environmental conditions in ensuring the quality of the environment is necessary the integrated state of natural resources relations and ecological risk factors in the implementation of some measures of environmental protection and rational use of natural resources. The purpose of the research on the territory of the rural settlement Calfa is to highlight the ecological peculiarities, to assess the sources of pollution and to assess their current state for the elaboration of a system of environmental protection measures. The superficial rocks in the Calfa village are covered with fine gray or green clay, clayey, sandy and fine sands, alternating in different order. The status of the water resources in the years 2012-2015 of the villages in the vicinity of Calfa village is shown in Figures. In terms of the animal world, it consists of about 800 species of animals (160 vertebrates and 640 invertebrates). Vertebrates include 30 - mammalian species, 81 bird species, 7 reptile species, 7 amphibian species and 22 fish species. The wooded area of the owners in the village of Calfa in 2015 is 1.2 hectares for massive forests, 40 ha of green areas and most probably 60 hectares of forest protection strip. It was also appreciated the assignment of land for permanent use to various enterprises and organizations for non-agricultural purposes during the year 2015 and the surface of damaged and eroded lands in some localities of Anenii Noi district, ha (status 01.01.2016).
Aspecte biochimice în dinamica păstrării de lungă durată a fructelor de păr, soiul noiabriskaia [Articol]
(USARB, 2017) Gaviuc, Ludmila; Bejan, Nina
In order to maintain the quality of horticulture fruits, one of the modern effective method is utilized to inhibit the metabolism: at initiation of the storage, harvested fruits are treated-fumigated during of 24 hours with the Fitomag preparation steams – the ethylene inhibitor. Subsequently, treated fruits are stored at the normal atmosphere. After the treatment fruits get an effective protection against of the negative influence of the endogenic and isogenic ethylene. The scope was to create the optimal conditions to diminish the oxidation intensity of biochemical compounds and to maintain the quality of pear fruits, cv. Noiabriskaia during of long storage.
Aspecte privind irigarea cu apă din surse locale a solului cenușiu molic [Articol]
(USARB, 2017) Filipciuc, Vladimir; Boaghe, Lilia
The use of water from local sources (inland rivers, lakes, ponds) at irrigation raises difficult issues because of its improper chemical composition and quality indicators. The irrigation of molic gray soil with water from pond with high content of magnesium leads to neutralization of actual and hydrolytic reaction, modification of ratio of cations in the soil solution, contribute to the substitution of exchangeable Ca 2+ and accumulation of Mg 2+ in the adsorption complex. These processes favor adsorption of Na+, thereby intensifying secondary sodiumisation of soil. There were registered negative changes in the composition of humus, which refers to the decrease of the ratio between humic and fulvic acids, but also to a significant decrease of content of the fraction of humic acids associated with calcium. Use of ‖magnesium‖ water modifies the content and composition of soluble salts.
Assessement of plant species diversity in deciduous forests In the context of climate change [Articol]
(USARB, 2017) Agapi, Ion
During recent years, biodiversity and its assessment have occupied an important position in the International Co-operative Programme on Assessment and Monitoring of Air Pollution Effects on Forests (ICP Forests), and Climate Change. The main component of forest ecosystems, in addition to tree edificators, is the ground vegetation. The individual vegetation layers comprise an important feature of the overall biodiversity of forest ecosystems. Their composition, diversity and structure constitute both important factors in the assessment of their biodiversity and also important bioindicators of environmental changes. Vegetation is a source of the primary production of ecosystem; it controls gas exchange with the atmosphere and plays an important role in the biocycles of both water and nutrients within the ecosystem. It is also an important indicator of the status of forest ecosystems for the relatively easy and inexpensive assessment of ground vegetation monitoring and constitutes an acknowledged basis for biodiversity assessment.
Calitatea noilor soiuri de grâu de toamnă în condiţiile pedoclimatice ale zonei de nord a Republicii Moldova [Articol]
(USARB, 2017) Taran, Mihai; Lungu, Alina
The grain quality indices were studied in a set of 24 winter wheat varieties, created in the scientific institutions in the Republic of Moldova, Ukraine, Russia and some European Union countries. In the pedoclimatic conditions of the north area of the Republic of Moldova in 2016 the best results on the content and quality of gluten were obtained at the varieties Capriana and Fenix, created in the Research Institute of Field Crops „Selectia”.
Caracteristica faunei Helmintice (Trematoda) a speciei Pelophylax Ridibundus din zona de centru a Republicii Moldova [Articol]
(USARB, 2017) Erhan, Dumitru; Gherasim, Elena; Rusu, Ştefan; Zamornea, Maria; Munjiu, Oxana; Lebedenco, Liubovi; Ivanova, Anastasia; Cebotari, Andrei; Vatavu, Dmitri
The results of the parasitologic study revealed some peculiarities of trematoda fauna of Pelophylax ridibundus (Amphibia) specie. The parasitological research covered 54 individuals, including 23 adult and 31 larval exemplars. The investigation allowed identifying 5 species of trematodas (Opisthioglyphe ranae, Prosotocus confusus, Cephalogonimus retusus, Pleorugenoides medians, Diplodiscus subclavatus) belonging to 5 genus (Opisthioglyphe, Prosotocus, Cephalogonimus, Pleorugenoides, Diplodiscus), 5 families (Plagiorchiidae, Lecithodendriidae, Cephalogonimidae, Lecithodendriidae, Diplodiscidae) and 2 orders (Plagiorchiida, Echinostomatida), attributed only to adult exemplars.
Cercetări privind stabilirea termenelor de valabilitate a prunelor uscate umplute cu miez de nucă [Articol]
(USARB, 2017) Şleagun, Galina
This paper presents the results of the quality study during shelf life of a diverse assortment of dried prunes filled with walnut kernel. Product quality was assessed with oxidation indices (peroxide and thiobarbituric number) and organoleptic characteristics. Shelf life period was predicted using the method of shelf life accelerated determination for drugs. There was established that tested product keep its good quality for more than 9 months. Vacuum packaging prevents the oxidation process and can significantly increase the shelf life. The optimal product moisture was found as 25-27%.
Change of physiological-biochemical and genetic parameters of seedlings of medicinal plants under the influence of millimeter radiation after ex situ conservation [Articol]
(USARB, 2017) Corlateanu, Ludmila; Maslobrod, Serghei
În urma aplicării iradierii milimetrice cu lungimea de undă de 5,6 mm, densitatea puterii de 6,6-10,0 mWt/cm2 și expoziția de 2,8 și 30 min asupra semințelor de ricin (Ricinus communis L.), echinacea (Echinacea purpurea) și ciumăfae (Datura stramonium) din colecția Băncii de Gene din Moldova s-a stabilit o accelerare substanțială a proceselor de creștere după parametrii energiei germinative și germinației semințelor, conținutului enzimei o-AIA și al sumei proteinelor ușor solubile în rădăcioarele germenilor, de rând cu micșorarea aberațiilor cromozomiale în meristemele rădăcioarelor embrionare. Metoda prelucrării semințelor cu iradierea milimetrică în cazul conservării materialului genetic ex situ poate fi recomandată pentru mărirea viabilității lor și ar putea servi ca procedeu perspectiv de păstrare efectivă a resurselor genetice vegetale.
Cireşul sălbatic – inventaerierea biodiversității, perspectivele conservării şi utilizării durabile [Articol]
(USARB, 2017) Ganea, Anatolie
Data are presented on inventorying of the wild sweet cherry population (Prunus avium L.) in forest ecosystems of different soil-climatic zones of the Republic of Moldova. Multiple cases of loss of trees of this forest culture due to ecological stresses (mainly drought) were revealed that lead to change of tree stand composition and also to erosion of species gene pool. For multi-way use of the wild sweet cherry in different economic sectors it is necessary to strengthen investigations on the study of variability potential of different genotypes, create a network of genetic nurseries and establish an effective system of in situ and ex situ conservation.
Combaterea infecţiei seminale la cultura grâului de toamnă [Articol]
(USARB, 2017) Ţopa, Lilia
On the break of the years 2014-2016 to perform an experiment with the purpose of, in particular, the lever of biological efficacy of the chemical preparations used against those which have been contaminated by the seed material (the rot of the rats, the common mall) and other.
Conserve din fructe şi legume cu valoare biologic sporită pentru alimentaţia copiilor [Articol]
(USARB, 2017) Iuşan, Larisa; Terentieva, Galina; Caragia, Vavil
L’alimentation rationnelle de l’enfant de la première année de vie, équilibrée du point de vue nutritionnelles, non seulement fournit tous les nutriments nécessaires, mais est aussi orientée vers la formation de bonnes habitudes gustatifs, pour guider les enfants, puis les adultes à consommer des aliments sains. Généralement, les aliments cuisinés à la maison sont considérés comme sains, nutritifs et utiles pour les bébés. Les dernières années, on a fait des recherches scientifiques concernant les lacunes des plats cuisinés faits maison. Parmi eux sont les suivants: le déficit d’un certain nombre de minéraux, tels que le zinc, le fer, les vitamines A, E, C, groupe B; les conditions environnementales jouent négativement (pollution de l’eau et du sol, l'utilisation d'engrais, etc.); le traitement thermique du lait, de la viande, de bouillie, des fruits et légumes à la maison, mène à la diminution significative des vitamines et ainsi on ne peut pas fournir la dose journalière recommandée de nutriments. Concernant ce problème, il est recommandé d’utiliser des suppléments alimentaires fabriqués dans des conditions industrielles. En Moldavie une seule entreprise S.A. „Orhei-Vit‖ produit un large assortiment de conserves de légumes et de fruits pour les nourrissons. L'entreprise développe en permanence sa gamme de conserves en boîte pour les bébés. En 2016, les spécialistes de l’entreprise de conserverie en collaboration avec l'Institut Scientifique et Pratique d'Horticulture et de Technologies Alimentaires ont élaboré une nouvelle gamme de purées à haute valeur biologique a partir des fruits et légumes avec du fromage frais, sans sucre ajouté.
Cultivarea sfeclei de zahăr este efectiv economică în contextul schimbărilor pedoclimatice [Articol]
(USARB, 2017) Şchiopu, Leonid
Appropriate mechanized technological methods of sugar beet cultivation for industrial purposes were used on the basis of prevailing soil and climatic conditions of the year. In 2013-2014 years the harvest of sugar beet was in the range of 60 t/ha and in 2015 was in the range of 40 t/ha. Despite this, profitability was similar. The real profitability increases with the proper use of technical means in the performance of the technological process.
Culturile leguminoase un segment apreciat al agriculturii durabile [Articol]
(USARB, 2017) Celac, Valentin
Sustainable agriculture is a natural, functional and managed system for maintaining the mutual interaction of the processes of the external environment (biological, social, physical) with the improvement of the tehnological functionality of the ecosystem (soil, water, light, plants, animals, microorganisms) to ensure economic, social and ecological effectiveness. Legumenous crops are an element of sustainable agriculture.
Cорт патиссона грошик [Articol]
(USARB, 2017) Казаку, Виолета; Палкин, Михаил; Бороган, Домникия
Created a variety of sguash Crochik, not prone to escalation, having an appreciation of the „picled fruits”
Date preliminare privind dieta unor păsări răpitoare nocturne (aves: strigidae) în zona de nord a Republicii Moldova [Articol]
(USARB, 2017) Nistreanu, Victoria; Larion, Alina; Postolachi, Vlad
The studies were accomplished in three localities from the northern zone of the Republic of Moldova: Unguri (Ocnița district) – in Mai, at the end of nesting period, where 59 pellets of Asio otus were collected, Volodeni (Edineț ds) – in February 64 pellets of Asio otus were collected; Gordinești (Edineț ds) – in February 56 pellets of Athene noctua were collected. After analyzing the material there were identified 126 individulas in pellets from Unguri, 158 individuals in pellets from Volodeni and 132 individuals in pellets from Gordinești. The trophic spectrums of long-eared owl and of little owl consist mostly of rodent species dominant in agrocenoses, most of which are harmful. In both species the main prey was the field vole (Microtus) with more than 70% in long-eared owl and with about 50% in little owl. The species of genus Apodemus and Mus have a significant role in the diet of both species. The intense use for food of voles and mice from genera Apodemus and Mus, which are important pest species of agricultural crops, emphasize the importance of long-eared owl and of little owl in biological fight against harmful species.
Efectul bacteriilor simbiotrof fixatoare de azot şi celor cu caracter stimulator asupra productivităţii plantelor de soia [Articol]
(USARB, 2017) Todiraş, Vasile; Onofraş, Leonid; Prisacari, Svetlana; Lungu, Angela; Mohova, Tatiana; Zuza, Nuvela
En conditions de laboratoire et de terrain ont été testées bactéries ayant la capacitéé stimulant ou d'azotofixator. Par conséquence de la recherche on a établi leur efficacité a l'egard de la croissance, le développement et la fixation d'azot atmospherique dans les plantes de soja selon la facon d'utilation. Laboratory and field conditions have been tested for nitrogen-stimulating and stimulating bacteria. As a result of their research, their effectiveness on the growth, development and fixation of atmospheric nitrogen in soybean plants was determined, depending on how they were used
Eficacitatea econimică a folosirii îngrăşămintelor sub diferite culturi în asolament [Articol]
(USARB, 2017) Boincean, Boris; Stadnic, Stanislav
The article describes the economic recovery of the expenditures for the application of different systems of fertilization by extra yields of different crops or by the productivity of the whole crop rotation on typical chernozem soil of the Bălţi steppe. It was established that only organic system of fertilization in crop rotation is recovering the expenditures by extra yields of fertilized crops or extra productivity of the whole crop rotation.
Eficienţa biologică a unor preparate noi în combaterea complexului de boli la grâul de toamnă [Articol]
(USARB, 2017) Ţopa, Lilia
During the years 2013-2014 the level of efficacy of the new chemical preparations in the vegetation period. The obtained evidence demonstrates that the actual pregnancies against the disease complex are: Adexar Plus and Balero.

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